RESUMO. Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar, por meio de diferentes critérios estatísticos, o modelo de regressão não linear mais adequado para descrever a curva de crescimento de três linhagens de frangos caipira para produção de carne. Utilizaram-se 90 aves caipiras, sendo 30 aves de cada uma das seguintes linhagens: Pescoço Pelado, Carijó e Pesadão Vermelho. Foi coletado semanalmente o peso corporal individual dos frangos (1, 7, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84 e 91 dias de idade) para determinação das curvas de crescimento por meio dos modelos Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logístico, Richards e Brody. Os parâmetros do modelo Brody não convergiram, sendo então não adequado para descrever o peso dessas linhagens. O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o Logístico.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to identify, by means of different statistical criteria the ideal nonlinear regression model to describe the growth curve of three lineages of caipira broiler for meat production. A total of 90 birds were used, being 30 birds from each of the following lineages: Pescoço Pelado, Carijó and Pesadão Vermelho. The individual body weight of broilers (1, 7, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84 and 91 days of age) was collected weekly for determination of growth curves by means of Models von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logistic, Richards and Brody. The parameters of Brody model did not converge to the weight of strains. The model that better adjusted to the data was Logistic.

The name of the family Polyomaviridae, derives from the early observation that cells infected with murine polyomavirus induced multiple (poly) tumors (omas) in immunocompromised mice. Subsequent studies showed that many members of this family exhibit the capacity of mediating cell transformation and tumorigenesis in different experimental models. The transformation process mediated by these viruses is driven by viral pleiotropic regulatory proteins called T (tumor) antigens. Similar to other viral oncoproteins T antigens target cellular regulatory factors to favor cell proliferation, immune evasion and downregulation of apoptosis. The first two human polyomaviruses were isolated over 45 years ago. However, recent advances in the DNA sequencing technologies led to the rapid identification of additional twelve new polyomaviruses in different human samples. Many of these viruses establish chronic infections and have been associated with conditions in immunosuppressed individuals, particularly in organ transplant recipients. This has been associated to viral reactivation due to the immunosuppressant therapy applied to these patients. Four polyomaviruses namely, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV), John Cunningham Polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) have been associated with the development of specific malignant tumors. However, present evidence only supports the role of MCPyV as a carcinogen to humans. In the present review we present a summarized discussion on the current knowledge concerning the role of MCPyV, TSPyV, JCPyV and BKPyV in human cancers.

Different mass ratio proportions of PtSn (m/m) electrocatalysts with 20% metal loading on a carbon support were prepared for use in ethanol:methanol solutions oxidation reactions. PtSn/C (3:1) (91% alloy degree, lattice parameter of 0.399 nm and mean crystallite size 4.8 nm) presented the best activity for oxidation of mixed solutions. The highest normalized current (ethanol:methanol 80:20) was 4.2 mA mgPt-1 (measured after 1800 seconds at 0.5 V). Therefore, the PtSn/C (3:1) electrocatalyst with an atomic ratio of 65:35 enhanced both the electronic effect and bifunctional mechanism in (ethanol:methanol 80:20), which resulted in the formation of CO2 at low potentials, as well as the highest amount of by-products than ethanol and methanol.

Dentin hypersensitivity is a relatively common clinical condition, which affects a large part of the world's population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of previous and prolonged treatment with desensitizing dentifrices (DD) on bond strength to dentin, promoted by a self-etching adhesive system. Seventy non-carious bovine incisors were used, and divided into five groups (n= 14), according to the desensitizing toothpaste used, such as, G1: distilled water (WATER) (control); G2: Colgate Total 12 (CT12) (control); G3: Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CSPR); G4: Sensodyne Rapid Relief (SRR); G5: Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). Teeth had their buccal surfaces flattened until the exposure of dentin, and fragments of 4x4x2 mm were obtained. Fragments were included in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinders and exposed to 17 % EDTA for 1 min. Subsequently, specimens were submitted to 20 000 cycles of simulated dental toothbrushing. After 24 h in artificial saliva, specimens were hybridized (Clearfil SE Bond Kuraray), as well as resin composite cylinders built on dentin surfaces. Samples were stored in distilled water, at 37 C for 24 h, and the shear bond strength was determined. The highest bond strength (MPa) value was seen in CT12 group (4.39), and the lowest one in CSPR group (3.34). Data were statistically analyzed by 1-way ANOVA (ð= 0.05), and results showed that there were no significant differences (p= 0.5986) considering the DD factor. The predominant fracture pattern was cohesive on dentin. The previous and prolonged use of different DD did not affect dentin bond strength promoted by a self-etching adhesive system.

La hipersensibilidad dentinaria es una condición clínica relativamente común, que afecta a una gran parte de la población mundial. El objetivo fue evaluar la influencia del tratamiento previo y prolongado con dentífricos desensibilizantes (DD) en fuerza de adhesión a la dentina, que promueve un sistema adhesivo de autograbado. Se utilizaron 70 incisivos bovinos no cariados, y se dividieron en cinco grupos (n= 14), de acuerdo con la pasta de dientes desensibilizante utilizada: G1: agua destilada (agua) (control), G2: Colgate Total 12 (CT12) (control), G3: Colgate Sensitive Pro-Alivio (CSPR), G4: Sensodyne Rápido Alivio (SRR) y G5: Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). Los dientes tenían sus superficies bucales aplanadas hasta la exposición de la dentina, y se obtuvieron fragmentos de 4x4x2 mm. Los fragmentos se incluyeron en cilindros de cloruro de polivinilo y se expusieron a 17 % de EDTA durante un 1 min. Después, las muestras se sometieron a 20 000 ciclos de cepillado dental simulado. Después de 24 h en saliva artificial, las muestras se hibridaron (Clearfil SE Bond - Kuraray), y cilindros de resina compuesta fueron construidos sobre superficies de dentina. Las muestras se almacenaron en agua destilada, a 37 °C durante 24 h y luego se determinó la resistencia al cizallamiento. El mayor valor de resistencia a la unión (MPa) se observó en el grupo CT12 (4,39), y el menor en el grupo CSPR (3,34). Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante ANOVA de un factor 1 (ð= 0,05), y los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas (p= 0,5986) teniendo en cuenta el factor de los DD. El patrón de fractura predominante sobre la dentina fue el cohesivo. El uso previo y prolongado de diferente DD no afectó resistencia de unión a la dentina promovido por un sistema adhesivo de autograbado.

O estudo analisou as políticas de gestão de equipamentos médico-hospitalares adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Realizou-se uma análise documental das publicações do Ministério da Saúde e uma análise de dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, no período de 2005 a 2013. O País instituiu uma Política de Gestão de Tecnologias em Saúde e uma área para a gestão dos equipamentos da Hemorrede. A oferta de equipamentos na rede privada é superior à pública, reforçando a necessidade da gestão e monitoramento de tecnologias para garantir o acesso aos usuários da rede pública e diminuir a dependência do Sistema Único de Saúde.

The study analyzed the medical equipment management policies adopted by the Ministry of Health for the Unified Health System. We conducted a document analysis of the publications of the Ministry of Health and a data analysis of the National Registry of Health Facilities, in period from 2005 to 2013. The country established a Technology Management Policy on Health and an area for the management of Hemorrede equipment. The supply of equipment to the private network is superior to the public one, highlighting the need for management and monitoring technologies to ensure access to users in the public area and reduce the dependence of the Unified Health System.

O estudo analisou as políticas de gestão de equipamentos médico-hospitalares adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Realizou-se uma análise documental das publicações do Ministério da Saúde e uma análise de dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, no período de 2005 a 2013. O País instituiu uma Política de Gestão de Tecnologias em Saúde e uma área para a gestão dos equipamentos da Hemorrede. A oferta de equipamentos na rede privada é superior à pública, reforçando a necessidade da gestão e monitoramento de tecnologias para garantir o acesso aos usuários da rede pública e diminuir a dependência do Sistema Único de Saúde.

The study analyzed the medical equipment management policies adopted by the Ministry of Health for the Unified Health System. We conducted a document analysis of the publications of the Ministry of Health and a data analysis of the National Registry of Health Facilities, in period from 2005 to 2013. The country established a Technology Management Policy on Health and an area for the management of Hemorrede equipment. The supply of equipment to the private network is superior to the public one, highlighting the need for management and monitoring technologies to ensure access to users in the public area and reduce the dependence of the Unified Health System.

Currently, hospital infection is a serious public health problem, and several factors may influence the occurrence of these infections, including the presence of insects, which are carriers of multidrug-resistant bacterial species. The aim of this study was to isolate staphylococci carried by insects in two public hospitals of Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia and to identify the resistance profile, pathogenicity and efficacy of disinfection of the premises. A total of 91 insects were collected in 21 strategic points of these hospitals, and 32 isolated strains ofStaphylococcus aureus were isolated. Based on antibiogram and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration results, 95% of these strains were susceptible to oxacillin. These strains were also evaluated for the presence of resistance genes encoding resistance to oxacillin/methicillin by polymerase chain reaction, but the sample was negative for this gene. Pathogenicity tests were performed in vitro biofilm formation induced by glucose, where it was found that eight (27.58%) strains were classified as biofilm producers and 21 (72.4%) as stronger producers. In addition, we performed PCR for their virulence genes: Sea (enterotoxin A), SEB (B), Sec (C), PVL (Panton-Valentine Leukocidin), ClfA (clumping factor A) and Spa (protein A). Of these, Sea, Spa PVL were positive in 7 (21.8%), 2 (6.3%) and 1 (3.1%) samples, respectively. The analysis of cytokine induction in the inflammatory response of J774 macrophages by isolates from the two hospitals did not show statistical difference at the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-10 production. In addition, we verified the antimicrobial activity of disinfecting agents on these strains, quaternary ammonium, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, Lysoform®, 70% alcohol solution of chlorhexidine digluconate, 2% peracetic acid, and 100% vinegar. Resistance was seen in only for the following two disinfectants: 70% alcohol in 31 (96.8%) samples tested and vinegar in 30 (93.8%) samples. The study demonstrated the presence of resistant and pathogenic organisms conveyed by insects, thus suggesting improvement in efforts to control these vectors.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial pathogens have many strategies for infecting and persisting in host cells. Adhesion, invasion and intracellular life are important features in the biology of mollicutes. The intracellular location ofUreaplasma diversum may trigger disturbances in the host cell. This includes activation or inhibition of pro and anti-apoptotic factors, which facilitate the development of host damage. The aim of the present study was to associate U. diversum infection in HEp-2 cells and apoptosis induction. Cells were infected for 72hs with four U. diversum clinical isolates and an ATCC strain. The U. diversuminvasion was analyzed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and gentamicin invasion assay. The apoptosis was evaluated using pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression, and FITC Annexin V/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit. RESULTS: The number of internalized ureaplasma in HEp-2 cells increased significantly throughout the infection. The flow cytometry analysis with fluorochromes to detect membrane depolarization and gene expression for caspase 2, 3 and 9 increased in infected cells after 24 hours. However, after 72 hours a considerable decrease of apoptotic cells was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggests that apoptosis may be initially induced by some isolates in association with HEp-2 cells, but over time, there was no evidence of apoptosis in the presence of ureaplasma and HEp-2 cells. The initial increase and then decrease in apoptosis could be related to bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPS). Moreover, the isolates of U. diversum presented differences in the studied parameters for apoptosis. It was also observed that the amount of microorganisms was not proportional to the induction of apoptosis in HEp-2 cells.

Os protozoários de vida livre são organismos amplamente distribuídos em ambientes aquáticos tanto em termos qualitativos como quantitativos. Eles possuem funções ecológicas únicas em seus habitats e ajudam a manter, através delas, o equilíbrio na dinâmica desses ambientes. Apesar do seu variado leque funcional e sua abundância, os estudos que abordam sua ecologia e distribuição geográfica, quando comparados a outros grupos, ainda são escassos. Diante disso o presente trabalho teve por objetivo registrar a ocorrência e identificar os protozoários de vida livre de três pontos da Bacia Hidrográfica Piancó-Piranhas-Açu, localizada no semiárido potiguar, bem como relacionar a ocorrência dos táxons catalogados com as variações de clorofila a, pH e temperatura dos ambientes em questão. As amostras foram coletadas em dois ambientes lênticos à montante e um ambiente lótico à jusante da Barragem Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves. Registrou-se a presença de 65 táxons de protozoários de vida livre, dos quais 29 foram identificados em nível de espécie. O teste-t de Student aplicado no estudo demonstrou diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre as variáveis. Foram encontradas espécies semelhantes de protozoários sob diferentes graus de trofia, de acordo com as concentrações de clorofila a, sugerindo que os organismos identificados não podem ser considerados bons indicadores de nível trófico. Sugere-se que a disponibilidade de nutrientes, a influência dos regimes lótico e lêntico e a presença de macrófitas aquáticas influenciaram a dinâmica dos protozoários no período estudado.

Free-living protozoa organisms are distributed in aquatic environments and vary widely in both qualitative and quantitative terms. The unique ecological functions they exhibit in their habitats help to maintain the dynamic balance of these environments. Despite their wide range and abundance, studies on geographical distribution and ecology, when compared to other groups, are still scarce. This study aimed to identify and record the occurrence of free-living protozoa at three points in Piancó-Piranhas-Açu basin, in a semi-arid area of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) state, and to relate the occurrence of taxa with variations in chlorophyll a, pH and temperature in the environments. Samples were collected in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Dam, from two lentic environments upstream and a lotic ecosystem downstream. Sixty-five taxa of free-living protozoa were found. The Student's t-test showed significant inter-variable differences (p <0.05). Similar protozoan species were recorded under different degrees of trophic status according to chlorophyll a concentrations, suggesting the organisms identified are not ideal for indicating trophic level. We hypothesize that food availability, the influence of lentic and lotic systems and the presence of aquatic macrophytes influenced protozoan dynamics during the study period.

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA), eficiência econômica e custo da inclusão do bagaço de mandioca (BM) em dietas de frangos de corte. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos independentes: inicial (1 a 21 dias) e crescimento (22 a 40 dias de idade). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados (DBC) com cinco níveis (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 %) de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca, com oito repetições e 20 aves por unidade experimental. Os resultados do primeiro experimento (1 a 21 dias de idade) mostraram efeito linear negativo da inclusão do bagaço de mandioca sobre o consumo de ração (CR = 1196.2 to 3.46BM, P <0.0008, R² = 0.832). Para o ganho de peso, houve efeito quadrático (GP = 856.506 + 2.372BM - 0,2443BM², P <0.0001, R² = 0.941), fato que o melhorou até o nível de 4,86% de bagaço de mandioca. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para conversão alimentar. No segundo experimento (22 a 40 dias de idade), não foi observada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com inclusão de bagaço de mandioca, possível de ser utilizado até o nível de 20% de inclusão. O índice de eficiência econômica e de custo mostrou o nível de 5 % de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca como o melhor nos dois experimentos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC) and economic efficiency and cost for inclusion of cassava bagasse (CB) in diets of broiler chickens in two independent experiments (initial 1st to 21st days and growth from22nd to 40th days). The experimental design was randomized blocks (RBD) with five levels (0; 5, 10, 15 and 20% cassava bagasse inclusion) with 8 replicates of 20 birds each. The results of the first experiment (1st to 21st days) showed a linear cassava bagasse inclusion effect on feed intake (FI = 1196.2 to 3.46CB, P<0.0008, R² = 0.832), a quadratic effect for the weight gain (WG = 856.506 + 2.372CB - 0,2443CB², P<0.0001, R2 = 0.941), improving the weight gain up to the level of 4.86% cassava bagasse. No significant difference was found for feed conversion. In the second experiment (22nd to 40th days of age), there was no significant difference between treatments with the inclusion of cassava bagasse and may be used up to a 20% inclusion level. The economic efficiency and cost showed a level of 5% inclusion of cassava bagasse as the best in both experiments.

OBJETIVO: verificar a ocorrência e a magnitude do efeito de supressão das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente, em lactentes nascidos pré-termo, com indicadores de risco para perda auditiva. MÉTODOS: a supressão das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente foi realizada em 15 lactentes nascidos pré-termo. O equipamento utilizado foi o ILO USB II V6 Clinical OAE, de marca Ododynamics. O estímulo clique linear foi apresentado a 60 dB pe NPS (± 5) e o ruído contralateral (ruído branco) a 60 dB NPS (± 5). RESULTADOS: Dos 15 lactentes, apenas um não apresentou supressão bilateralmente. Dentre os 14, quatro não apresentaram supressão na orelha esquerda. A ocorrência do efeito de supressão foi de 93,3% na população estudada, sendo 71,4% de efeito bilateral e 28,6% de efeito unilateral. Os resultados indicaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre as orelhas. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes com relação as variáveis idade atual e idade gestacional. Os lactentes do sexo masculino apresentaram respostas maiores quando comparados aos do sexo feminino. CONCLUSÕES: a maioria da população estudada apresentou efeito de supressão das emissões otoacústicas. O ruído branco apresentado contralateralmente reduziu o nível de resposta das EOAT, demonstrando a participação do sistema eferente medial no efeito de supressão. As respostas foram diferentes segundo as variáveis lado da orelha e sexo, sendo maiores na orelha direita e no sexo masculino.

PURPOSE: to study the occurrence and magnitude of the transient otoacoustic emissions suppression in pre-term infants with high risk for hearing loss. METHODS: the study was carried out in 15 pre-term infants. The used equipment was ILO USB II V6 Clinical OAE Software from Ododynamics. The used stimulation was linear clicks displayed at the intensity of 60 dB pe SPL (± 5). The contralateral noise (white noise) was set at 60 dB SPL (± 5). RESULTS: From 15 infants, only one did not show bilateral suppression. Suppression effect was shown on 93.3% of the subjects, being 71.4% for both ears and 28.6% for only one ear. The results showed that there was a significant statistical difference between the right and left ears. We could not observe significant differences when actual and gestational age were analyzed. The baby boys showed higher responses when compared to baby girls. CONCLUSIONS: most of the studied population showed OAE suppression effect. White noise was found in the contralateral ear, and reduced the response level of the transient otoacoustic emissions, demonstrating the participation of the efferent system. The responses were different considering the side of the ear, being higher on the right ear and for boys.

Este trabalho visa a contribuir com informações atualizadas sobre a relação entre exercício, estresse oxidativo e magnésio. São escassos os trabalhos que discutem a produção de radicais livres nesse contexto. A deficiência de magnésio altera a fluidez das membranas celulares e mitocondriais e promove perturbações na homeostase do cálcio e na atividade das defesas antioxidantes. No exercício, a falta de magnésio nos tecidos musculares os torna mais suscetíveis à infiltração de macrófagos e neutrófilos e ao rompimento do sarcolema, dificultando o processo de regeneração e podendo ocasionar queda no desempenho físico. Conclui-se que o papel metabólico da deficiência de magnésio no estresse oxidativo induzido pelo exercício deve ser mais pesquisado, focalizando os seus efeitos na musculatura esquelética em indivíduos que praticam exercício regular e na deficiência marginal de magnésio.

This article contributes to updated information about the relationship between exercise, oxidative stress and magnesium. There are few studies that discuss free radical production in this context. Magnesium deficiency alters cellular and mitochondrial membrane fluidity and promotes disturbances on calcium homeostasis and on the activity of antioxidant defenses. During exercise, lack of magnesium in muscle tissue turns them more susceptible to macrophage and neutrophil infiltration and to sarcolema damage, impairing the regeneration process and leading to decreased physical performance. In conclusion, the metabolic role of magnesium deficiency on exercise-induced oxidative stress should be further researched, focusing on its effects on skeletal muscle in individuals who practice regular physical exercise and in marginal magnesium deficiency.

OBJETIVO: descrever os resultados da avaliação auditiva de uma família com perda auditiva de caráter hereditário autossômico dominante. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 17 indivíduos, por meio da audiometria tonal, audiometria vocal, timpanometria e pesquisa dos reflexos acústicos, além de acompanhamento genético. RESULTADOS: Dos 17 sujeitos avaliados, 11 apresentaram algum grau de perda auditiva neurossensorial (64,7%), sendo oito do sexo feminino (73%) e três do sexo masculino (27%). A idade dos sujeitos avaliados variou de cinco a 68 anos (média=29,6) e a idade do aparecimento da queixa variou de 20 a 38 anos (média=26,1). Ocorreu a progressão da perda auditiva com o aumento da idade, sendo que a partir dos 41 anos, não houve indivíduos com audição normal na família. CONCLUSÃO: a investigação audiológica de todos os membros da família, independentemente da queixa, é imprescindível, pois a perda auditiva pode existir, mesmo que esta ocorra em freqüências isoladas.

PURPOSE: to describe the hearing findings of a family with autosome dominant hereditary hearing loss. METHODS: we evaluated 17 subjects. The evaluation was made by pure tone audiometry, Speech audiometry, tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing, in addition to genetic follow-up. RESULTS: from 17 evaluated subjects, 11 showed some degree of neurosensorial hearing loss (64.7%), being 8 female gender (73%) and 3 male gender (27%). The subject age varied from 5 to 68 years (average = 39.6) and the time from the complaint's appearance varied from 20 to 38 years. The hearing loss was modified with age. We did not find normal hearing after the age of 41 years in the family. CONCLUSION: the hearing investigation regarding all members of the family regardless of any complaint is extremely indispensable due to the existence of hearing loss even when limited to isolated frequencies.